A Methodological Systematic Review on Velocity-Based Training in Youth Athletes

Abstract

Velocity-Based Training (VBT) supports resistance training (RT) load prescription and monitors changes in neuromuscular function, particularly fatigue. Youth athletes (<20 years) experience various stressors affecting their neurological state and performance. Maturation impacts movement variability, suggesting VBT could offer a more objective monitoring method. This review evaluates VBT methodologies in youth athletes and addresses misconceptions, providing practice recommendations. A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines included a search of PubMed, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus. Studies were screened for eligibility with Covidence systematic review software, requiring original research, English full-text articles, and publication before March 2024, focusing on VBT in youth athletes. Out of 3,363 studies identified, 23 met the inclusion criteria. Findings show that visual feedback on velocity during RT enhances performance, motivation, and competitiveness among older youth athletes. The two-point load-velocity profile (LVP) method and group mean velocity-based one repetition maximum (1RM) were found to be more time-efficient and less fatiguing than the multiple-loads method for estimating 1RM, though they reduced prediction accuracy (differences between predicted and actual 1RM ranged from 4.7 ± 11.7 kg). This review highlights the need for further research to validate VBT feedback, refine 1RM prediction methods, and assess velocity loss thresholds in younger athletes.